Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee Essays - Nez Perce War,

Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee This book brings to light, and places front and center, possibly the most significant event in American history. That is, the genocide and displacement of the native inhabitants of what was, or would become, the United States of America, thus enabling the formation of the worlds most powerful republic. It is difficult to imagine how most readers, particularly those who are American citizens, would not have their personal perspective or opinion altered, in some small measure at least, by the historical events described within, especially that of the Nez Perc?s fight for their home. Of the chapters, the most moving and the most effectively presented chapter was The Flight of the Nez Perc?s. Brown focuses on the thirty-year period between 1860 and 1890 in which the American West was opened to all comers. Holding themselves with dignity were the Nez Perc?s in their fight for survival and their reluctance to let go of their beloved homeland. Brown relies on oral accounts, many of which were written down during treaty council meetings and other official meetings with representatives of the United States government to tell his stories, and this leaves no doubt as to which party was in the wrong in The Flight of The Nez Perc?s. His style lays the facts down in front of a reader, allowing no room for opinions to affect the content. Style is considered by most the imprint of a writers personality, yet Brown does not let his thoughts affect his writing, which is perhaps the most disturbing of all, just the truth. The Nez Perc?s country was wrenched from their grasp in the blink of an eye, for the reason of land for white settlers. Despite being helpful and kind, the Nez Perc?s w ere still driven from their land. The Nez Perc?s ?welcomed the white Americans, supplied them with food, and look after the explorers' (Lewis and Clark's) horses for several months,? (316) when the Nez Perc?s could easily have ?seized their wealth of horses,? (316) and driven them from their land. The white Americans and the Nez Perc?s lived in happiness, and the Nez Perc?s boasted that ?no Nez Perc?s had ever killed a white man.? (317). This ?friendship? (317) continued for 70 years, but ?white men's greed for land and gold,? (317) ended this. In 1863, a treaty was shown to the Nez Perc?s, it ?took away the Wallowa Valley and three-fourths of the remainder of their land, leaving them only a small reservation.? (317). The Wallowa Valley Nez Perc?s, did not sign the treaty, and protested this, winning their land back from an ?executive order withdrawing Wallowa Valley from settlement by white men,? issued by the president, Ulysses Grant. Soon though, gold was found in mountains around and white settlers flocked to the valley and ?stole the Indians' horses, and stockmen stole their cattle, branding them so the Indians' could not claim them back,? (318). In the words of Yellow Wolf of the Nez Perc?s, ?the whites told only one side. Told it to please themselves. Told much that is not true.? (316) and the white politicians went back to Washington, where they ?charged the Indians with being a threat to the peace and with stealing the settlers' livestock.? (318). They did exactly what Yellow Wolf said, they told ?lies about the Nez Perc?s,? (318) to ?please themselves.? (316). Broken promises ran throughout the Nez Perc?s struggle, and two years after promising the Wallowa Valley to the Nez Perc?s forever, President Grant ?reopened the valley to white settlement,? (320) and the Nez Perc?s were ?given a reasonable time to move to the Lapwai reservation,? (320). Blatant betrayal led the Nez Perces to acts of desperation and the band fled towards Canada and freedom with two large forces following them close behind. Bibliography Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, by Dee Brown Book Reports

Free Essays on On The Waterfront

On the Waterfront The theme for On the Waterfront took place in the late 1940’s and 50’s. There was a conflict between John Corridan a priest and Joseph Ryan the head of the ILA (International Longshoreman’s Union). Corridan’s problem was with the labor union because the union dominated the docks and he felt that the conditions which they worked in were dangerous and crude. On the docks there were plenty of workers to fit the job, but the only ones who worked were the ones that worked for the cheapest wages. The workers were treated like slaves and worked in horrible conditions. Corridan had a conflict with the ILA because he knew that the union wasn’t going to reform the waterfront labor practices. Men desperate for work gave the bosses kickbacks. Loan sharks gave high interest loans to desperate longshoremen just looking to make a buck. After some time there was a rivalry between two Catholic sub-cultures. The conflict was between Corridan a Jesuit priest and the Catholic dockworkers that began to accept the fact that poverty and suffering were an inevitable part of life. To encourage people to testify against Ryan and others, Corridan went to get the publics attention. He met with Budd Schulberg a screenwriter, and they developed a script about the waterfront. After there conversation Schulberg decided to turn the struggle between the ILA and Corridan into the film called â€Å"On the Waterfront†. This film is a bit controversial and deals with three types of Biases. The three types are: Individual, Group, and General. Individual Bias is satisfying one’s own desires, which also translates into being selfish. In the Movie Charlie Malloy showed individual Bias. Charlie was Terry’s brother who handled the union’s money and he never looked out for anyone except himself. In some ways it is acceptable to be worried about yourself but not to the point that you’re gaining by holding others back. Terry h... Free Essays on On The Waterfront Free Essays on On The Waterfront On the Waterfront The theme for On the Waterfront took place in the late 1940’s and 50’s. There was a conflict between John Corridan a priest and Joseph Ryan the head of the ILA (International Longshoreman’s Union). Corridan’s problem was with the labor union because the union dominated the docks and he felt that the conditions which they worked in were dangerous and crude. On the docks there were plenty of workers to fit the job, but the only ones who worked were the ones that worked for the cheapest wages. The workers were treated like slaves and worked in horrible conditions. Corridan had a conflict with the ILA because he knew that the union wasn’t going to reform the waterfront labor practices. Men desperate for work gave the bosses kickbacks. Loan sharks gave high interest loans to desperate longshoremen just looking to make a buck. After some time there was a rivalry between two Catholic sub-cultures. The conflict was between Corridan a Jesuit priest and the Catholic dockworkers that began to accept the fact that poverty and suffering were an inevitable part of life. To encourage people to testify against Ryan and others, Corridan went to get the publics attention. He met with Budd Schulberg a screenwriter, and they developed a script about the waterfront. After there conversation Schulberg decided to turn the struggle between the ILA and Corridan into the film called â€Å"On the Waterfront†. This film is a bit controversial and deals with three types of Biases. The three types are: Individual, Group, and General. Individual Bias is satisfying one’s own desires, which also translates into being selfish. In the Movie Charlie Malloy showed individual Bias. Charlie was Terry’s brother who handled the union’s money and he never looked out for anyone except himself. In some ways it is acceptable to be worried about yourself but not to the point that you’re gaining by holding others back. Terry h...

Statistics homeless people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistics homeless people - Essay Example Number of Homeless Households Figure 1 below shows the evolution of the number of homeless households from 2002 to 2010. While the number of homeless households increased from 2002 to 2004, it reduced continuously from 2004 to 2009, and in 2010 again, there was a slight increase in the number of homeless households. Figure 1 Number of Homeless Households in Wales The maximum number of homeless households was 9855 households in 2004. From 2004 to 2009, homelessness decreased at an average of nearly 11% per year and in 2010, the increase in homeless households was just over 12%. The average number of homeless households from 2002 to 2010 was 7182 households. Clearly, this shows that the efforts of the Welsh Government have been successful in their commitment for controlling homelessness and supporting homeless people. Reasons for Homelessness In order to succeed in their aim to reduce and eventually eradicate homelessness, the Welsh Government also studies the reasons why people/househ olds become homeless. Figure 2 below shows the break-up of these reasons. Figure 2 Reasons for Homelessness in Wales in 2010 Figure 2 shows that the biggest reason, which accounts for 20% of homelessness in Wales in 2010, is the loss of tied accommodation which may be due to disasters like fire or for other social/financial reasons. If we combine this with the factor of loss of rented or tied institution or care centre which accounts for 16% of the homelessness, we see that just over 1/3rd, that is 36% of homelessness is caused by loss of rented/tied accommodation or institutions. The next biggest reason is the inability or unwillingness of parents to accommodate which accounts for 19% of homelessness. However, if we combine this statistic with homelessness due to inability or unwillingness of other relatives or friends which accounts for 8% of homelessness, we see that 27% of all homelessness is caused by social exclusion of homeless people by their parents/relatives/friends. Broad ly speaking, the categories of reasons for homelessness may be divided into two parts: financial reasons and social reasons. Financial reasons include loss of rented/tied accommodation, mortgage arrears, and rent arrears. The financial reasons together are responsible for 42% of all homelessness. The social reasons include inability or unwillingness of parents/relatives/friends, break-up with partner and violence or harassment. The social reasons are responsible for 47% of all homelessness. In fact, a lot of social reasons also arise out of financial difficulties like the inability of parents to support. Economy and Homelessness As we have seen that 42% of homelessness is caused by purely financial reasons and some of the social reasons are also due to financial troubles, we now take a look at how homelessness varies with the economic output. For the economic output, we consider the data for Gross Value Added (GVA) for Wales. According to the statistics bureau of the Welsh Governmen t, the GVA can be considered as a close substitute for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the measure of economic output. Figure 3 below shows the relationship between actual GVA and the number of homeless households for different years. The data points shown in figure 3 are the values of GVA and number of homeless households in Wales from 2002 to 2009. The line has been drawn to show the approximate trend in the data points. Figure 3 GVA and homelessness in Wales for

Goldman Sachs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Goldman Sachs - Essay Example Goldman Sachs is a global investment banking and securities firm which engage in financial services like investment banking, securities, investment management etc. Founded in 1869 and headquartered in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City, Goldman Sachs has a lot of international offices across the world. Apart from financial services, it provides mergers and acquisitions advice, asset management and prime brokerage to its clients. Its clients include corporations, governments, and individuals. Goldman Sachs has recently caught the attention of the investment world because of the innovative risk management strategies implemented by them. According to J.P. Morgan analysts Kian Abouhossein and Delphine Lee, â€Å"Goldman Sachs' risk management was "best in class" and could act "as a benchmark for investment banking peers† (Kennedy). This paper briefly analyses Goldman Sachs' risk management strategy, its advantages and the risks faced by Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs' have used different measures of risk for a long period and the competitors were able to adopt such techniques only recently. In conclusion, Goldman Sachs was able to escape from the recent financial crisis because of their highly innovative risk management strategies. They were able to implement risk management strategies which other may not even think of. When most of the financial institutions struggled to survive because of the recent financial crisis, Goldman Sachs was able to improve its market position because of their well-defined risk management strategies.

Summary of global report on conflict governance and state fragility Essay

Summary of global report on conflict governance and state fragility 2011 - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that the aspect of governance needs to be applied and developed for the purpose of settling any sort of conflict, occurring in the societal system (Marshall & Cole, 2011). Thus, these three dimensions are regarded as the major holistic approaches of the societal system. With this concern, this paper intends to provide a brief summary about the global report focused on the aspects i.e. conflict, governance and state fragility 2011. Summary One of the commonly observed matters in the global system is the rise of conflicts in the society. The emergence of such conflicts eventually results in causing the incidents associated with political violence. The trend of the conflicts has become a continuous process in the globalization period. From the mid 1950s, the wars have been increasing in this global world, especially after the Cold War. It can be apparently viewed in this similar concern that around 21 nations of the world have experienced conflicts in the year 201 1. A few of the issues linked with the rise of the conflicts were the extension of boundaries, terror of militants and also the reported cases relating to trafficking, production along with supply of drugs. One of the leading examples of those conflicts was the attack of LTTE in Sri Lanka (Marshall & Cole, 2011). ... The increased level of conflicts during the year 2011 had indicated a beginning in the form of posing unfavorable impact upon intra-state along with inter-state wars and humanitarian operations at large. In recent times, a gradual decline in the conduct of wars in the global world reveals the reduction of problems relating to conflict by a certain degree (Marshall & Cole, 2011). Autocracy and democracy are regarded as the major forms of governance. These forms can be utilized in the maintenance of social order in a society. In this similar concern, The Polity IV Project has marked the level of both these forms for each country by taking into concern the political situations that prevail in the nations. In relation to the autocratic system, the participation of the citizens is often viewed to be constrained due to various crucial factors. These factors might entail restrictions especially upon political participation, limitations in the application along with the execution of relevant guidelines or effective regulations and weaker checks imposed over executive power. While determining the trend of governance, it can be viewed that in the year 2011, only Qatar and Saudi Arabia were rated as fully autocratic nations throughout the globe (Marshall & Cole, 2011). A few of the autocratic nations of the world such as Gabon, Togo, Syria and North Korea have implemented the succession of dynasties in executive leadership for the purpose of forestalling succession crises. On the other hand, certain nations such as Taiwan, Mexico and Senegal have move towards democracy from autocracy form. The reasons for this might be the increasing desires of various political groups towards strengthening their respective positions, non-maintenance of

Economic Inequality in Australia

Economic Inequality in Australia Why has economic inequality increased in Australia since the 1970s? What have been the consequences of this increase in the quality of life in Australia? Since 1970, people have been challenging the issue of â€Å"conventional wisdom† that was connected to the scarcity aspect rather than attaining successful way of managing affluence. There have been various real problems that required to be addressed. Some of these problems were related to wastage of resources, especially on the weapons of war, the lingering poverty and the imbalance of quality among the public provided services and the privately produced goods that can be summed as â€Å"public squalor and private opulence.† After the post-war period, a new world has been delivered, where there have been dominant ideas and concerns over the past on declining significance that is more than inequality (Atkinson, Piketty Saez 2011). There are few things that can be evidenced in the modern social history rather than the interest of declining the inequality as part of the economic issue. There are various reasons to this. Inequality was not getting to it worse, but it is s till profound. Large part of the population had a sense of the economic inequality and security level. The real income level for all the people increased with dramatically while the wealth for those who were at the top stagnated. This situation was well described by certain theory of transformation. The theory indicates that, as the country was more industrialized, the citizens were able to move away from agriculture to industry. This issue caused inequality to rise since some of the people become richer while other remained poorer. Taking full industrialization aspect of the country would have caused mass education, increased wage for the workforce, and increase political powers for the mass populations. These were part of the issues that could have caused an increased level of inequality in the country. The income inequality level in most of the OECD countries has increased in the past 20-30 years among them Australia (Alderson, Beckfield Nielsen 2005) This paper will explore the causes of increased level of inequality in the country while outlining the nature of the economies using both political and historical techniques. The argument will be based on the fact that, the increased inequality level has been due to the deliberate policy, government ideas of shifting the income from wages to profits. As well, there was a shift of income from low to the middle-income earners and to those who earn higher and s queezing the consumption level with an aim of increasing the reward that is available for the investment. Skill Biased Technical Changes This has been one of the factors that have been debated as a cause of distribution of market outcomes. In Australia, the dominant explanation that can be cited for the increased income inequality is the impact created by the skill-biased technical changes that have been fostered by the globalization. Skill-biased technical changes can be set out as the shifts that are experienced in the production technology that do favor all the skilled individuals (such as the more educated, more capable and more experienced) than the unskilled individuals. They are being favored due to the increased relative production capacity hence has a relative demand (Alderson, Beckfield Nielsen 2005). Skill-biased technical changes in the country have been cited as a mean that deliver premium wages to all individual who have certain specified skills and more to the workforce that has higher education level. The first impact of this issue has been due to the globalization, where production of the unskilled i ndividual is considered quite low. In the economy, labor-intensive commodities are being outsourced to the low wage economic groups, hence reducing the prices. As well, the demand for the unskilled labor in the country has been quite low. As well, another cause is associated with the rise of the production system that do rely on the information technology levels, advanced technology. This situation has a directly increased demand for the skilled and educated staffs compared to the less educated. In the manufacturing sectors, there is an evident rise in the relative employment for the high -educated skilled production staffs, who usually receives higher salaries and wages (Bramble Kuhn 2011). Polarization of Income Distribution at the Top There have been various studies undertaken by scholars to investigate on the extent at which the income inequality may be the main product of the relative low income for the poor individuals. As well, the studies have highlighted or consider the aspect of relative higher incomes for the rich people (Bramble Kuhn 2011). According to most studies, it was found that, the rise in inequality level is related to the aspect of polarization rather than the downgrading or upgrading that may lead to hollowing out of the model income part of the society. As well, it was found that, in the societies that experience the large increased level of inequality, upgrading would have to take precedence over the aspect of downgrading causes such as polarization. In other better terms, the wells off individual have the chances of becoming much richer. This has been the pattern that is evidenced by the rapid increase for the top income earners. In Australia, the share of the total income that is taken by the top 10 percent has decreased from 50 per cent in 1929 and in 1932, it decreased to 35 percent but later in 2007, it increased to 50 percent (Bramble Kuhn 2011). Back in year 1970, the decline of inequity was celebrated but one scholar noted that â€Å"it no longer seemed possible for the ownership of tangible assets of the public and the disposal of the income to pass through negligible number of hands. After few years later, this was the situation on distribution of income changes. The situation that was experienced indicated that, almost one percent of the rich population was able to appropriate more than half of the increase in the national income. The remarkable idea was related to the degree of the top 0.1 percent of the income earners that captured the misappropriated share of the overall national income. According to statistics, the Australian growth rate offers no indication of having experience to most of the population (Brandolini Smeeding 2009). Back in year 1975-2006, the country average real income per household in the country grew by 32.2 per cent but taking the top 1 per cent, the growth was by 17.9 per cent. This is a findi ng that has been challenging the primacy of the skilled biased technical changes as part of the increased income inequality in the country. The rise in the top incomes has been greater than the suggestion of the extra productivity levels of the skilled workers. As well, very few of the top income earners have higher education and the skilled non-finance professions (Brandolini Smeeding 2009). Tax and Welfare Regime In Australia, the income inequality level has increased and the rise may significantly be fostered by the inequality in the market incomes. As well, changes in the tax and welfare regimes have in some ways reduced or increased the impact experienced in the market outcomes. There was in an increase in the inequality of the market outcome between 1979 and 2004 caused by the higher tax rates and the increased level of generosity on social assistance and employment assistance. This was taken in the ways of counteracting the effect of increased inequality in market outcomes or the households. In 1990s, the market income inequality grew rapider and, the tax and welfare program failed in reducing the polarization effect. Lowering the personal taxes mainly for the highest incomes reduced the issue of unemployment benefits, and this assisted in accounting for the rise in inequality. Increased social assistance and tax and welfare reforms were the most deliberate policy and decisions that caused the impact of inequality in the country (Card DiNardo 2002). An argument that was raised stated that, if the effect if taxation of the income at the top was frozen, there would be a very big chunk of the increased inequality for the super-rich and the rest part of the population. As well, recognizing the skill-biased technical changes to have a direct impact on the jobs and wages, it was criticized that the fixation of inequality was among the large section of the income distribution pattern. This was an issue that was obscuring the government policy that targeted becoming more generous toward individuals who were at the top (Bramble 2008). There is an extent of strength of the trade union organization that has been crucial when it comes to limiting the income inequality. This argument has been linked with the decline in income inequality in the post-war years that was d ue to the strong trade unions, the progressive tax methods, low level of unemployment and the welfare system. Collective bargaining has been cited to be the cause of reduced the inequality of pay when compared to the competitive nature market. The inequality increase has been due to the result of a decline in the crucial bargaining power in the government expenditures (Bramble 2008). Economic crisis of 1974-1975 actively contributed to the inequality in Australia. This economic crisis erupted after Whitlam Labor government was re-elected in 1974. During this time, the government policies that were in place swung from the Keynesian stimulus of austerity with struggle of a Minister policy. As well, the Australian trade union has won a case on pay rise but the level of inflation was spiral and out of control hence alarming the business. The society polarized sharply. Australia had strong and organized trade unions that laid their attempts of defending the unions and gain wage rise that could have sustained the real values of price, while the government tried to restrain the wages. This plunged the country into severe political crisis, and this caused seven years of a political impasse. The business, government, and the unions were quite mobilizing with attempts to defend their interest. The political impasse ended in year 1983, this was followed by election of new l abor government, and there were results of unprecedented and restructured economy (Borland, Gregory Sheehan 2001) To end the crisis, the new elected government has to propose Prices and Income Accord that was part of agreement set by trade unions and guaranteed an industrial peace and wage restraints in exchange of guarantee and the government way of protecting the real wages and improve the social wage. All business representative were to be consulted and the trade unions movements especially on economic, tax and social issues. After the Labor won the election, the agreements become the structure of the government for the next one decade. There were a closer ways of monitoring the prices and all the workplace and unions that attempted to increase the wages beyond the maximum agreed rate was highly disciplined (Bagguley 1995). Along the wage policies, the government was able to restructure the business taxation policies. The statutory tax rates were reduced in year 1983 to 46 per c ent and in year 1996 to 36 percent. Changes in the rules that were applied in corporate tax caused a great impact on the effective rate and corporate tax decline. Later in year 1986, the fringe benefits tax and the capital gain tax were introduced (Card DiNardo 2002). These were some of the crucial measures that tried to reduce the income inequality level. The personal taxes that were charged in the higher income individual were cut in two crucial ways. As well, the government has to introduce dividend amputation that tried to reduce the income tax on share dividend a significant reform that benefited wealthy individuals. In the history years, business used to pay for company tax, and dividends were paid to shareholders and they were expected to pay tax on them (Alderson, Beckfield Nielsen 2005) Conclusion The society will never be equal, there must be horizon for the disadvantaged, and they are hard to rise. Normal operations of the economy may place great economy power to the hand of business owners especially when it comes to employee’s relation. The government has to take some alternative and facilitate successful and profitable operations for the business that target a protection of a business owner from the employee’s harmful actions. The government has ideas of reducing the inequality with consideration of low unemployment, increased levels of social security, minimum wages and higher marginal tax rates for the income earners. References Bibliography: Alderson, AS, Beckfield J Nielsen F 2005, â€Å"Exactly how has income inequality changed? Patterns of distributional change in core societies,† International Journal of comparative sociology, vol. 46, no. 5-6, pp. 405–23 Atkinson, AB, Piketty T Saez E 2011, â€Å"Top incomes in the long run of history,† Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 3–71 Bagguley, P 1995, â€Å"Protest, poverty, and power: a case study of the anti-poll tax movement,† Sociological review, vol. 43, no. 4, November, pp. 693–19 Borland, J, Gregory B Sheehan P 2001, â€Å"Inequality and economic change,† Work rich, work poor: inequality and economic change in Australia, Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, pp. 1–20 Bramble, T Kuhn R 2011, â€Å"Labors conflict: big business, workers and the politics of class,† Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne. Bramble, T 2008, â€Å"Trade Unionism in Australia: a history from flood to ebb tide,† Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne Brandolini, A Smeeding MT 2009, â€Å"Income inequality in richer and OECD countries,† The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality, Oxford University Press, pp. 71–100. Card, D DiNardo JE 2002, â€Å"Skill-biased technological change and rising Wage inequality: some problems and puzzles,† Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 20, no. 4, October, pp. 733–83. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

History of Gypsies Essay -- Gypsy

The first and to date only reliable assertion of the origin of word Gypsy for the members of â€Å"specific† group, dates back to 1068. At that time the Georgian monah st. George Antonski, from the monastery of Iviron (Greece) reports to his people that on the mountain of Athos in the time between 1001 and 1026 a group of â€Å"Athiganos† arrived. The word Athigatos or Acinkan in Greek would be â€Å"untouchable†. Different synonyms of this word were used later as name for â€Å"that† nation around Europe. In literature we find: latin-Cingarus, Turkey-Cingeneler, France-Tsiganes, Germany-Zinger, Russia-Cjganji, Hungary-Ciganjiok, Italy-Zingari, Spain-Gitanos. In Croatia the name is Cigani and in Dubrovnik Republic Jedupi or Egyptians. The name Egyptians was probably brought to Dubrovnik by Italians (Greece was at the time under Venetian rule) where together with the former name Jedupi for Gypsies the name Egyptians started to be used. On 08. April 1791 the first World congress of Gypsies was held in London. Important decisions and accepting of Roma flag, official anthem and official languages were brought. It was decided that the flag consists of two basic colours that symbolises everlasting wandering of Roma. The green is a symbol of boundless natural space as freedom of movement. The blue is symbol of sky and in the middle of the flag is a wheel which marks the everlasting journey of Roma. The official anthem is famous Roma song â€Å"Gelem, Gelem† and as official language Lovari Roma language was accepted. In the same time as unique world wide used name for Gypsies was term â€Å"Htom†, which in Gypsy-lovari language means a man. Sound ht does not exist in graphic system therefore for the sake of easy writing this sound is spelled as sound R. There... ...father Stepan Iuan Sainouich dictus Oliuerich, 1490. father Sain We strongly believe that the Dubrovnik Gypsies are ancestors of today’s Lovari Roma as this tradition of names and surnames can today be found among Lovari Roma in Croatia. Music Anthem: Gelem,gelem Anthem lyrics: Gelem, gelem I have travelled over long roads I have met fortunate Roma I have travelled far and wide I have met lucky Roma Oh, Romani adults, Oh Romani youth Oh, Romani adults, Oh Romani youth Oh, Roma, from wherever you have come With your tents along lucky roads I too once had a large family But the black legion murdered them Come with me, Roma of the world To where the Romani roads have been opened Now is the time - stand up, Roma, We shall succeed where we make the effort. Oh, Roma adults, Oh, Roma youth Oh, Roma adults, Oh, Roma youth

Humour

Humour comes from a tool that was constructed with a two boards so when one comedian hit another with it, the boards slapped. One of the most popular comics in this category was Charlie Chaplin. The most characteristic feature of physical humour is that comedians rarely use words to provoke laughter. Mimes use the motion of their bodies to narrate a humorous story. The origins of mime date back to the ancient Greece, but then the performances were not necessarily silent, because sometimes the performers sang or delivered recitations. In medieval times the art of mimes developed and in the nineteenth century the mime became recognizable by his speechless posture and the white mask. Clowning is, in a way, a connection between slapstick comedy and mime, as it uses both methods to produce laughter in the addressee. Contemporarily, the clown is a figure identified by various costumes, distinctive makeup, a red nose, and colourful wigs, but clowning has its roots in ancient times, where clowns were mainly bald, with bizarre hats and plaid uniforms. The earliest clowns performed buffoonery, practical jokes, juggling, or parody and these things have not changed much throughout the ages. Harlequin and Pierrot are two of the most popular types of clowns, who owe their existence to commedia dell'arte. Notably, their characteristics originates in sixteenth and seventeenth century European culture. 1.4. Commedia dell'arte Commedia dell'arte as one of the oldest forms of professional theatre flourished in the 16th century through to the 18th century, in Italy. The performances were mainly improvised, and the actors were professionals. They used costumes and masks that illustrated their character. Their comical models were identified by their appearance or behaviour. Initially, they were supposed to represent inhabitants of a specific part of Italy and even included the dialect of a distinct area. Additionally, the relations between characters onstage were similar to these between actors in their lives and because of this fact, the plays were more credible.

To Kill a Mocking Bird ( comp. of movie and novel) essays

To Kill a Mocking Bird ( comp. of movie and novel) essays The movie, To Kill a Mockingbird, is one of the best family oriented dramas ever made. The film has a timeless quality about it that transcends the very dated subject matter, which was racism during the depression in the South. The movie teaches the importance of tolerance, justice, integrity and loving, responsible parenthood. The filmed drama, To Kill a Mockingbird, presents all the themes of Harper Lees historical novel. However, the movie might have been better if Miss Maudie and Calpurnia, two of the books characters, had had a more prominent role. The movie would have been improved if Miss Maudie, who portrayed the themes of friendship and moral responsibility, had a stronger role. The theme of moral responsibility came up when Jem asks Miss Maudie if she was going to court and she responded with, I am not. Its morbid, watching a poor devil on trial for his life (181). She felt that the trial was a public spectacle and she refused to take part in it. She showed her passion for justice because she knew the man, Tom Robinson, would be condemned guilty when everyone knew he was innocent, and she refused to be a part of the injustice. She is the childrens best friend among Maycombs adults and shows her support for the Finches when she stated, I simply want to tell you that there are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs for us and your fathers one of them. Their father was very unpopular during the trial of Tom Robinson and Miss Maudie praised their father as a good man. The children were treated bad ly during this time because of their fathers position on the trial, but Miss Maudie showed her complete support. Miss Maudie is a very intriguing character in the novel, a wise, funny woman of integrity, but in the movie, she comes across as just another next-door neighbor. The movie would have been enhanced if Calpurnia, who ...

Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Essay Example

Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Essay Example Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Essay Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Essay Rogers theorized that there were three egos in us: the self-concept, the ideal ego, and the existent ego. The self-concept is the manner a individual sees him or herself ; the ideal ego is who one would wish to be ; the existent ego is who one really is ; and congruity is the sum of understanding between the three ( Bruno, 1977 ) . The more congruity, that is, the greater a person’s thought of who they are in mention to what they want to be, the more self-accepting they are, and therefore healthier. The 4th phase ( unconditioned positive respect ) , merely means that the healer accepts and values the client regardless of any issues they may hold, leting the client to research his or her ain individual without judgement ( Palmer, 2000 ) . This ambiance of psychological safety within the guidance session could merely come about through unconditioned positive respect. Rogers believed that low dignity ( or low congruity ) was the consequence of the client holding been judged in the yesteryear, either by parents, instructors or other authorization figures, who acted as if the kid had no intrinsic value as a individual unless he or she behaved the manner they wanted him or her to ( therefore exhibiting conditional respect ) ( Rogers, 1961, 283 ) . Unconditional positive respect is an counterpoison to the client’s earlier experiences. The 5th phase ( empathy, or empathic apprehension ) entails the healer seeing the client’s universe as if it were their ain. Two processes come into drama here: contemplation and elucidation. Reflection occurs when the healer repeats fragments of what the client has said with small alteration, conveying to the client a nonjudgmental apprehension of his/her statements ; elucidation occurs when the healer abstracts the nucleus or the kernel of a set of comments by the client ( Rogers, 1951 ) . The latter technique non merely acknowledges that the healer is listening, but provides the client with an chance to analyze his or her ain ideas and feelings as they are repeated back to them. In other systems of therapy, empathy with the client may be considered a preliminary measure frontward, but in person-centered therapy, it really makes up a major part of the work itself ( Bozarth, 1998 ) . The 6th and last status is a combination of four ( unconditioned positive respect ) and five ( empathy ) . Rogers’ belief is that the incarnation of this combination by the healer, every bit good as the client’s perceptual experience of such, will engender the actualizing inclination ; i.e. , â€Å"the inclination of the being to turn in a positive and constructive way, and for the individual to go all of his/her potentialities† ( Bozarth, 1998 ) . This ideal human status is embodied in the â€Å"fully functioning person† who is â€Å"open to see, able to populate existentially, is swearing in his/her ain being, expresses feelings freely, acts independently, is originative and lives a richer life† ( Wyatt, 2001 ) . It is besides of import to observe that this life in inquiry is a procedure, non a province of being, and a way, non a finish ( Wyatt, 2001 ) . The fully-functioning individual, as defined by Rogers, involves the undermentioned qualities: 1. Openness to Experience. This is the antonym of defensiveness, intending an accurate perceptual experience of one’s experiences in the universe, and the ability to accept world. Feelingss are of import here because they convey organismal valuing. If one can non be unfastened to one’s feelings, one can non be unfastened to realization. 2. Experiential Life. This is populating in the present minute, and non in the yesteryear or the hereafter. This doesn’t mean that one shouldn’t remember and learn from the past, or that one shouldn’t program or believe about the hereafter. These things merely necessitate to be understood for what they are: memories and ends, which are being experienced in the present. 3. Organismal Trusting. This is leting ourselves to be guided by the organismal valuing procedure, that is, making what experience right and what comes of course. This entails swearing one’s existent ego, which can merely be assessed if one is in contact with the actualizing inclination. 4. Experiential Freedom. This is the thought that it is irrelevant if people have free will or non: people really much feel that they do, and experience free when picks are made available to them. The fully-functioning individual acknowledges their freedom, and takes duty for their picks. 5. Creativity. This is the impression that if one feels free and responsible, one will move consequently, and take part in the universe. A fully-functioning individual, in touch with realization, will experience obliged to lend to the realization of others. This can happen via parts to the humanistic disciplines and scientific disciplines or to society in general ; through parental love ; or merely by making good at work ( all from Boeree, 1998 ) . The chief jobs with Rogers’ theory have to make with the deficiency of preciseness and specificity in respects to some of the constructs and footings. Krebs and Blackman rate the logical consistence as â€Å"fair, † and claim that some connexions are non truly clear, and that it does non decently or to the full address phases of development ( Maddi, 1996 ) . Rogers has besides been criticized for his open attending to witting experience, and deficiency of focal point to the unconscious ( Nietzel, Benstein, Milich, 1994 ) . Others have criticized the theory for being elitist, specifically in footings of fully-functioning persons and human potency. Rogers’ standards for such merely doesn’t apply to some, specifically those who have limited potencies in the first topographic point, and are missing in the capacity for creativeness and free look ( Pescitelli, 1996 ) . The fact is, the theory can merely be applied to those parts of the population whose rational and cultural backgrounds are compatible with the therapy, and the overall constructs are merely non comprehensive plenty to use to all persons ( Nietzel et. Al, 1994 ) . In add-on, some human conditions, such as mental illness, do non do much sense harmonizing to Rogers’ theory. The sociopath seemingly feels no guilt, uncomfortableness or compunction for his or her actions. There is no anxiousness, and so incongruence will non be present ( Pescitelli, 1996 ) . Take even further, how does this use to the belief that fully-functioning individual should make what comes of course to them? Should a sadist be allowed to ache others, or a masochist themselves? Should an alcoholic drink to their fill, or a depressive putting to death themselves? These unfavorable judgments, every bit good as others, have neer truly been resolved, and are partly responsible for Rogerian and person-centered therapy in general being relegated non to the borders needfully, but surely to a minor function in today’s psychotherapeutic clime. However, the chief ground for this slump merely has to make with the altering face of psychological science. Research over the last two decennaries has been specificity-based specifying specific interventions for specific psychological jobs – which goes against much of what Rogers believed. But Roger’s parts can non be undervalued. Some of his nucleus constructs – viz. empathy – have found their manner into infinite countries of pattern, and over the last 10 old ages at that place has been renewed involvement in person-centred therapy, peculiarly in Europe. There has besides been a revival in research by the likes of Tausch, Greenberg, Lietaer, McLeod, Prouty, Warner and Mearns. Rogers himself, who died in 1986 and spent his last decennary using his theories to countries of societal struggle in topographic points such as Ireland, South Africa and Russia, would no uncertainty be pleased. Bibliography Blake, T.Digesting Issues in Psychology. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc. , 1995. Boeree, C. â€Å"Carl Rogers.† Shippensburg University, Department of Psychology, 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/rogers.html Bozarth, J.D.The Person-Centered Approach: A Revolutionary Paradigm. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 1998. Bruno, Frank J. â€Å"Client-Centered Guidance: Becoming a Person.† InHuman Adjustment and Personal Growth: Seven Nerve pathwaies, John Wiley A ; Sons, 1977. Hall, Kathy. â€Å"Carl Rogers.† Muskingum College, Department of Psychology, 1997. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/rogers.htm Hart, J.T. and Tomlinson, T.M.New Directions in Client-Centered Therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970. Maddi, S.R. Personality theories: A comparative analysis ( 6th ed. ) . Toronto: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co. , 1996. McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Rogers’ Humanist Person-Centered Approach to Counselling.† Simply Psychology, 2006. Nietzel, B.M. , Bernstein, D.A. , Milich, R. Introduction to Clinical Psychology ( 4th ed. ) . N.J. : Prentice Hall Inc. , 1994. Palmer, S.Introduction to Counselling and Psychotherapy: the Essential Guide. London: Sage Publications ; 2000. Pescitelli, Dagmar. â€Å"An Analysis of Carl Rogers Theory of Personality.† Personality and Consciousness, 1996. hypertext transfer protocol: //pandc.ca/ ? cat=carl_rogers A ; page=rogerian_theory Rogers, Carl. Carl Rogers on Personal Power. New York: Delacorte Press, 1977. Rogers, Carl.Client-Centered Therapy. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1951. Rogers, Carl. â€Å"A Client-Centered/Person-Centered Approach to Therapy.† In Kirschenbaum, H. and Henderson, V. ( Eds. )The Carl Rogers Reader. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1986. Rogers, Carl and Dymond, Rosalind.Psychotherapy and Personality Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954. Rogers, Carl.A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Psychotherapy. New York: McGraw Hill, 1959. Watson, N. ( 1984 ) . â€Å"The Empirical Status of Rogers’ Hypothesis of the Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Effective Psychotherapy.† In R. F. Levant and J. M. Shlien ( Eds. )Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach: New waies in Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Praeger, 1984. Wyatt, Gill.Rogers’ Curative Conditionss:Development, Theory and Practice. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 2001.

What is a good Parent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is a good Parent - Essay Example The responsibility or duty of parents to build the personality of their child starts from the very first day, they are there when the child takes his or her first step, they are there when the child speaks the first word, when the child goes to school first time, and they are there with their child till the end of their life. Good parents are those who are always there to encourage their children and help them in becoming what they want to be (Gross, 1996). Parents hold the most important place in the lives of their children and in the development of the overall personality of the children, as they are the first source of information and learning. It is a normal phenomenon that most of the children idealize their parents, hence good parents are those who lead by example and teach their children at every step of life. Parents teach their children the norms and values and they teach them love, respect, language, in short parents teach the way to live the life. In order to be a good parent one has to be strict and loving at the same time. Some of the characteristics which help parents in fulfilling their responsibility in an efficient manner are care, love, respect, appreciation, dedication and honesty. It is injustice with the parents to judge them on the basis of the behavior and attributes of their kids. There is a general perception in the society that if a certain kid has bad habits and unpleasant personality then the parents of this kid are not good. Most of the time the case is opposite, there is high possibility that children with bad habits have good parents. But it is the tradition in the society to blame parents for the misbehavior and ill practices of the children. There are two main ingredients required to become a good parent; strong devotion and focus to make the life of a child better. Parents can always become good parents with practice and sincere desire to make an impact on the life of child.

Affirmative action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affirmative action - Research Paper Example its volatile history of 48 years, affirmative action has been both appreciated for better economic opportunities to minorities and scorned at for injustice to the majority community in the name of compensating minorities. The term â€Å"Affirmative Action† was first used by President Kennedy in 1961 for correcting discrimination that prevailed although civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees were in force. The issue resurfaced in a major way in 2003 when the Supreme Court awarded a decision related to affirmative action in universities permitting education institutions to factor race in admissions not to be used mechanically and conservatively. The decision of the highest court has been applauded by one and all. We just cannot ignore the importance of such actions as they impact the whole fabric of society and international community (Brunner, Affirmative Action History). Let’s analyze the contents of the court ruling and identify the issues at stake. The ruling allowed race to be used a criterion to decide university admissions but there was a very thin line of difference in the judges’ opinion on not taking the benefit seamlessly. In two different but parallel cases, Grutter v. Bollinger (case no. 02-0241) involving the University of Michigans law school, the judges voted 5-4 to continue the University of Michigan’s law school affirmative action policy, which advocates minorities cause; and Gratz v. Bollinger (no. 02-0516) involving the undergraduate program, wherein the judges voted 6-3 to expunge the affirmative action policy for undergraduate admissions by giving 20 points to blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans on an admissions rating scale (CNN, 2003). In the case of Grutter v. Bollinger of the university law school wherein Barbara Grutter, a white, couldn’t get admission in 1996 because African-Americans and ethnic minorities had the benefit of point system over the white. In the other case, the court decided against the policy of giving